Regulate plant immunity

Important to recall that, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are rapidly generated during plant immune responses by respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), which is a plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidase. 

In fact, Although regulatory mechanisms of RBOH activity have been well documented, the ROS-mediated downstream signaling is unclear. 

Here, they demonstrated that ROS sensor proteins play a central role in ROS signaling via oxidative post-translational modification of cysteine residues, sulfenylation. 

To detect protein sulfenylation, they used dimedone, which specifically and irreversibly binds to sulfenylated proteins. The sulfenylated proteins were labeled by dimedone in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and the conjugates were detected by immunoblot analyses.